1)She had to pay a fine and she lost her driving licence.
2)Not only did she have to pay a fine, but she also lost her driving licence.
• Subject and auxiliary verb is inverted (=reversed)
• If there is no auxiliary verb nor verb “to be”, use do, does, did etc.
• Used after certain negative adverbials e.g. not, not until, not once, not for one minute, only then, only later, nowhere, no way, rarely, hardly ever, hardly…when, no sooner…..than…
Examples:
I never thought about home while I was on holiday.
=
Not once did I think about home while I was on holiday.
They hardly ever complain about the amount of homework.
=
Hardly ever do they complain about the amount of homework.
As soon as I had left the house, I realised I’d forgotten my keys.
=
No sooner had I left the house, than I realised I’d forgotten my keys.
Monday, 8 March 2010
Phrasal Verbs List
account for
add on
add up
allow for
answer back
apply for
ask after
ask for
ask out
back away
back down
back off
back out
back up
be against
be away
be back
be for
be in
be in for
be off
be out
be over
be up
be up to
bear out
bear up
blow down
blow out
blow over
blow up
boil away
boil over
break away
break down
break in
break into
break off
break through
break up
break out of
break out
bring about
bring back
bring down
bring in
bring off
bring on
bring round
build in
build up
bump into
burn down
burst in
burst into
burst out
call at
call away
call back
call for
call in
call off
call on
call out
call up
calm down
care about
care for
carry off
carry on
carry on with
carry out
catch on
catch up
catch up with
check in
check out
check over
check through
cheer up
clean out
clean up
clear away
clear off
clear out
clear up
close down
close in
close up
cloud over
come about
come across
come apart
come back
come down
come down with
come in
come in for
come into
come off
come out
come out in
come round
come round to
come to
come up
come up against
come up to
come up with
count down
count in
count out
count for
count on
count up
crack down
crop up
cross out
crowd around
crowd in
cry out
cut back
cut down
cut down on
cut in
cut off
cut out
cut out for
= be cut out for
cut up
deal with
die away
die down
die out
do away with
do in
do up
do with
do without
doze off
draw back
draw up
dress up
dress down
drop in
drop in on
drop off
drop out
eat out
eat in
eat away
eat up
end up
face up to
fade away
fall back
fall back on
fall behind
fall down
fall for
fall in
fall in with
fall on
fall out
fall out with
fall through
feed = be fed up
with
feel down
feel for
feel up to
fight off
fight for
fill in
fill up
find out
fit in
fix up
follow up
fool around
get about
get across
get along with
get around
get at
get away
get away with
get back
get by
get down
get down to
get in
get off
get off with
get on
get on for
get on with
get out
get out of
get over
get rid of
get round
get round to
get through
get up
get up to
give away
give back
give in
give off
give out
give up
go about
go after
go ahead
go ahead with
go along with
go away
go back
go back on
go by
go down
go for
go in for
go into
go off
go on
go on with
go out
go over
go round
go through
go through with
go up
go with
go without
grow on
grow out of
chill out
grow up
hand down
hand in
hand out
hand over
hang about
hang around
hang back
hang on
hang out
hang on to
hang up
have it in for
have on
have someone on
hit it off (with)
hit (up)on
hold back
hold off
hold on
hold on to
hold out
hold up
hold with
join in
join up
keep back
keep off
keep on
keep out
keep up
keep up with
knock off
knock out
knock up
laugh off
lay down
lay in
lay off
lay out
lay up = be laid up
lead up to
leave off
leave out
let down
let in
let in on
let off
let on
let out
live down
live off
live on
live up to
liven up
lock out
lock up
look after
look ahead
look around
look at
look back
look back on
look down on
look for
look forward to
look in
look into
look like
look on
look out
look over
look round
look someone up
look through
look up
look up and down
look up to
make for
make off with
make out
make up (3)
make up for
measure out
measure up to
miss out
miss out on
mistake for
mix up
mix up in/with
move in
move on
move out
note down
order about
own up
pack in
part with
pass away
pass on
pass out
pay back
pay for
pay in
pay off
pay out
pay up
pick off
pick on
pick out
pick up
play down
play up
plug in
point out
pop in
pour down
pull away
pull down
pull in
pull off
pull out
pull over
pull through
pull up
push on
put about
put across
put aside
put away
put back
put by
put down
put down to
put forward
put in
put in for
put off
put on
put oneself out
put out
put someone up
put through
put up
put up with
ring back
ring off
ring up
rip off
round off
round up
round down
rub out
rule out
run across
run after
run away
run away with
run down
run down
= be/feel run down
run into
run out
run out of
run over
run through
run to
run up
run up against
rush into
scare away
scare off
see about
see off
see someone off
see through
see to
sell off
sell out
send away
send away for
send for
send in
send off
send off for
send on
send up
set (up)on
set about
set back
set down
set in
set off
set out
set up
settle down
settle in
settle up
settle up with
shake off
share out
shop around
shout down
show around
show in
show off
show up
shut away
shut down
shut up
side with
sink in
sit down
sleep through
slip out
slip up
slow down
sort out
speak up
split up
split up with
stand by
stand for (2)
stand in
stand in for
stand out
stand up
stand up for
stand up to
stay in
stay up
step down
step up
stick out
stick up for
stir up
stop over
sum up
switch off
switch on
tail back
take aback
= be taken aback
take (it) out on
take after
take apart
take away
take back
take back
take down
take for
take in
take off
take on
take out
take over
take to someone
take up
talk back
talk into
talk over
talk out of
tear down
tear up
tell apart
tell off
think about
think of
think out
think over
think through
throw away
throw off
throw up
throw out
tie down
tie in with
tie up
tone down
touch on
toy with
track down
try on
try out
tune in
turn against
turn away
turn back
turn down
turn in
turn into
turn off
turn on
turn out
turn over
turn to
turn up
wait on
walk out
walk out on
wash out
wash up
watch out for
watch over
wear away
wear off
wear out
wind down
wind up
wind forwards
wind backwards
wipe out
work in
work off
work out
work up
write away for
write off
write off for
add on
add up
allow for
answer back
apply for
ask after
ask for
ask out
back away
back down
back off
back out
back up
be against
be away
be back
be for
be in
be in for
be off
be out
be over
be up
be up to
bear out
bear up
blow down
blow out
blow over
blow up
boil away
boil over
break away
break down
break in
break into
break off
break through
break up
break out of
break out
bring about
bring back
bring down
bring in
bring off
bring on
bring round
build in
build up
bump into
burn down
burst in
burst into
burst out
call at
call away
call back
call for
call in
call off
call on
call out
call up
calm down
care about
care for
carry off
carry on
carry on with
carry out
catch on
catch up
catch up with
check in
check out
check over
check through
cheer up
clean out
clean up
clear away
clear off
clear out
clear up
close down
close in
close up
cloud over
come about
come across
come apart
come back
come down
come down with
come in
come in for
come into
come off
come out
come out in
come round
come round to
come to
come up
come up against
come up to
come up with
count down
count in
count out
count for
count on
count up
crack down
crop up
cross out
crowd around
crowd in
cry out
cut back
cut down
cut down on
cut in
cut off
cut out
cut out for
= be cut out for
cut up
deal with
die away
die down
die out
do away with
do in
do up
do with
do without
doze off
draw back
draw up
dress up
dress down
drop in
drop in on
drop off
drop out
eat out
eat in
eat away
eat up
end up
face up to
fade away
fall back
fall back on
fall behind
fall down
fall for
fall in
fall in with
fall on
fall out
fall out with
fall through
feed = be fed up
with
feel down
feel for
feel up to
fight off
fight for
fill in
fill up
find out
fit in
fix up
follow up
fool around
get about
get across
get along with
get around
get at
get away
get away with
get back
get by
get down
get down to
get in
get off
get off with
get on
get on for
get on with
get out
get out of
get over
get rid of
get round
get round to
get through
get up
get up to
give away
give back
give in
give off
give out
give up
go about
go after
go ahead
go ahead with
go along with
go away
go back
go back on
go by
go down
go for
go in for
go into
go off
go on
go on with
go out
go over
go round
go through
go through with
go up
go with
go without
grow on
grow out of
chill out
grow up
hand down
hand in
hand out
hand over
hang about
hang around
hang back
hang on
hang out
hang on to
hang up
have it in for
have on
have someone on
hit it off (with)
hit (up)on
hold back
hold off
hold on
hold on to
hold out
hold up
hold with
join in
join up
keep back
keep off
keep on
keep out
keep up
keep up with
knock off
knock out
knock up
laugh off
lay down
lay in
lay off
lay out
lay up = be laid up
lead up to
leave off
leave out
let down
let in
let in on
let off
let on
let out
live down
live off
live on
live up to
liven up
lock out
lock up
look after
look ahead
look around
look at
look back
look back on
look down on
look for
look forward to
look in
look into
look like
look on
look out
look over
look round
look someone up
look through
look up
look up and down
look up to
make for
make off with
make out
make up (3)
make up for
measure out
measure up to
miss out
miss out on
mistake for
mix up
mix up in/with
move in
move on
move out
note down
order about
own up
pack in
part with
pass away
pass on
pass out
pay back
pay for
pay in
pay off
pay out
pay up
pick off
pick on
pick out
pick up
play down
play up
plug in
point out
pop in
pour down
pull away
pull down
pull in
pull off
pull out
pull over
pull through
pull up
push on
put about
put across
put aside
put away
put back
put by
put down
put down to
put forward
put in
put in for
put off
put on
put oneself out
put out
put someone up
put through
put up
put up with
ring back
ring off
ring up
rip off
round off
round up
round down
rub out
rule out
run across
run after
run away
run away with
run down
run down
= be/feel run down
run into
run out
run out of
run over
run through
run to
run up
run up against
rush into
scare away
scare off
see about
see off
see someone off
see through
see to
sell off
sell out
send away
send away for
send for
send in
send off
send off for
send on
send up
set (up)on
set about
set back
set down
set in
set off
set out
set up
settle down
settle in
settle up
settle up with
shake off
share out
shop around
shout down
show around
show in
show off
show up
shut away
shut down
shut up
side with
sink in
sit down
sleep through
slip out
slip up
slow down
sort out
speak up
split up
split up with
stand by
stand for (2)
stand in
stand in for
stand out
stand up
stand up for
stand up to
stay in
stay up
step down
step up
stick out
stick up for
stir up
stop over
sum up
switch off
switch on
tail back
take aback
= be taken aback
take (it) out on
take after
take apart
take away
take back
take back
take down
take for
take in
take off
take on
take out
take over
take to someone
take up
talk back
talk into
talk over
talk out of
tear down
tear up
tell apart
tell off
think about
think of
think out
think over
think through
throw away
throw off
throw up
throw out
tie down
tie in with
tie up
tone down
touch on
toy with
track down
try on
try out
tune in
turn against
turn away
turn back
turn down
turn in
turn into
turn off
turn on
turn out
turn over
turn to
turn up
wait on
walk out
walk out on
wash out
wash up
watch out for
watch over
wear away
wear off
wear out
wind down
wind up
wind forwards
wind backwards
wipe out
work in
work off
work out
work up
write away for
write off
write off for
Thursday, 4 March 2010
Translation: Believing The News
“Non credere a tutto quello che leggi sui giornali!” È un consiglio che sentiamo spesso. Ma dovremmo davvero considerare inattendibili le notizie che ci arrivano dalla stampa, dalla TV o da Internet? Il crollo delle Torri Gemelle è stato causato dagli aerei che vi si sono schiantati contro, o era già tutto organizzato prima? La famiglia reale inglese ha pianificato la morte della principessa Diana per evitare scomodi eredi musulmani? Elvis Presley è morto nel 1977 o è ancora in vita? Marilyn Monroe si è davvero suicidata? Sapremo mai la verità sulla scomparsa di Michael Jackson?
Ora si parla molto del riscaldamento del pianeta, ma chissà se anche questa teoria è giusta. Se vediamo in TV un orso polare intrappolato su un pezzo di ghiaccio galleggiante o il distacco di un gigantesco muro di ghiaccio è logico pensare che le calotte polare si stanno sciogliendo. Ma può darsi anche che ne siamo convinti perché ci è stato detto ripetutamente. Il 2009 sarà ricordato come l’anno della grande recessione mondiale, ma questa crisi non è forse stata causata, almeno in parte, dalle tante previsioni negative con le quali i media ci hanno bombardato?
"Do not believe everything you read in the papers!" It is advice that we hear often/we are often advised. But should we really consider unreliable the news coming to us from the press, TV or Internet? Was the collapse of the Twin Towers caused by planes that crashed into them, or was it all organized beforehand? Did the British royal family plan the death of Princess Diana to avoid awkward Muslim heirs? Did Elvis Presley die in 1977 or is he still alive? Did Marilyn Monroe really commit suicide? Will we ever know the truth about the death of Michael Jackson?
Now there is much talk of global warming, but who knows if this theory is correct. If we see on TV a polar bear trapped on a piece of floating ice or detachment of a gigantic wall of ice it is logical to think that the polar ice caps are melting. But it may also be because we believe what we have been told repeatedly. 2009 will be remembered as the year of the great global recession, but might this crisis have been caused, at least in part, by the many predictions of doom with which the media bombarded us/which the media bombarded us with?
Ora si parla molto del riscaldamento del pianeta, ma chissà se anche questa teoria è giusta. Se vediamo in TV un orso polare intrappolato su un pezzo di ghiaccio galleggiante o il distacco di un gigantesco muro di ghiaccio è logico pensare che le calotte polare si stanno sciogliendo. Ma può darsi anche che ne siamo convinti perché ci è stato detto ripetutamente. Il 2009 sarà ricordato come l’anno della grande recessione mondiale, ma questa crisi non è forse stata causata, almeno in parte, dalle tante previsioni negative con le quali i media ci hanno bombardato?
"Do not believe everything you read in the papers!" It is advice that we hear often/we are often advised. But should we really consider unreliable the news coming to us from the press, TV or Internet? Was the collapse of the Twin Towers caused by planes that crashed into them, or was it all organized beforehand? Did the British royal family plan the death of Princess Diana to avoid awkward Muslim heirs? Did Elvis Presley die in 1977 or is he still alive? Did Marilyn Monroe really commit suicide? Will we ever know the truth about the death of Michael Jackson?
Now there is much talk of global warming, but who knows if this theory is correct. If we see on TV a polar bear trapped on a piece of floating ice or detachment of a gigantic wall of ice it is logical to think that the polar ice caps are melting. But it may also be because we believe what we have been told repeatedly. 2009 will be remembered as the year of the great global recession, but might this crisis have been caused, at least in part, by the many predictions of doom with which the media bombarded us/which the media bombarded us with?
Translation: The Italian Diet
L’Italia è uno dei primi produttori mondiali di frutta e verdura – per quantità, qualità e varietà. E siccome la crescita di tumore, allergie e malattie correlate ci sta costringendo a prendere le distanze dai pesticidi, siamo anche i più bravi nelle colture bio. Eppure è come se questo primato non ci toccasse: i carrelli della spesa debordano di cibi pronti, snack, insaccati, e poco, pochissimo ‘fresco’. Certo, l’aumento dei prezzi non ha giovato ai consumi, ma frutta e verdure di stagione – soprattutto se si evitano i fruttivendoli costosi – sono alla portata di tutte le tasche. Eppure i consumi sono in diminuzione. La contrazione dei tempi dedicati alla preparazione dei pasti e l’esaurirsi della cultura alimentare tramandata in famiglia ci sta ‘disitalianizzando’. Forse la tendenze preoccupante riguarda i bambini, che mettono in cima alla classifica degli ortaggi le patate surgelate fritte e in fondo gli spinaci. In quanto alla frutta, si consuma soprattutto quella già pronta nello yogurt.
Italy is one of the world's largest/main producers of fruit and vegetables - for quantity, quality and variety. And since the growth of cancer, allergies and related diseases is forcing us to distance ourselves from pesticides, we are also the best in bio crops. Yet it is as if this record does not affect us: shopping carts/trollies overflowing with pre-prepared/convenience food, snacks, cold cuts, and little, very little 'fresh' food. Of course, higher prices did not benefit/have not benefited consumers, but fruit and vegetables in season - especially if you avoid the costly fruit and vegetable sellers/shops - are affordable for every budget. Yet consumption is declining. The reduction of time devoted to the preparation of meals and the depletion of food culture handed down in the family is 'de-italianising'. Perhaps the main cause for concern is the children who put frozen chips at the top and spinach at the bottom of their list of favourite vegetables. As for fruit, that contained in pre-prepared yogurt is consumed the most.
Italy is one of the world's largest/main producers of fruit and vegetables - for quantity, quality and variety. And since the growth of cancer, allergies and related diseases is forcing us to distance ourselves from pesticides, we are also the best in bio crops. Yet it is as if this record does not affect us: shopping carts/trollies overflowing with pre-prepared/convenience food, snacks, cold cuts, and little, very little 'fresh' food. Of course, higher prices did not benefit/have not benefited consumers, but fruit and vegetables in season - especially if you avoid the costly fruit and vegetable sellers/shops - are affordable for every budget. Yet consumption is declining. The reduction of time devoted to the preparation of meals and the depletion of food culture handed down in the family is 'de-italianising'. Perhaps the main cause for concern is the children who put frozen chips at the top and spinach at the bottom of their list of favourite vegetables. As for fruit, that contained in pre-prepared yogurt is consumed the most.
Friday, 19 February 2010
Translation - Kites
L’aquilone ha più di duemila anni, ma non li dimostra. Nato in Cina, il “cervo volante” è comparso prima o dopo in tutti i cieli del mondo. In ogni tempo e in ogni paese, dappertutto dove c’era un po’ di vento, l’uomo ha cercato di far volare qualcosa. Tracce di aquiloni si sono trovate un po’ in tutto il mondo. Ogni popolo ha usato materiali diversi: canne di bambù , foglie, carta, stoffa . . . Gli aquiloni nell’Oriente antico hanno un significato simbolico: collegano la terra con il cielo e quindi il mondo dei vivi con quelli dei morti. Nella tradizione giapponese simboleggiano la vita, e venivano liberati quando nasceva un bambino. In alcuni paesi del Sudamerica invece rappresentano ancora oggi le anime che salgono in cielo, e perciò li si vede volare durante i funerali. Solo nel Medioevo gli aquiloni cominciano a esistere anche in Europa: è Giovanni Battista Della Porta nel 1200, che per la prima volta costruisce un aquilone.
The kite is more than two thousand years old, but it doesn’t seem it/you would never know. Born in China, the “flying deer” appears/is present in the sky all over the world. At any time and in any place, anywhere where there is a bit of wind, man has tried to fly something. You can find traces/signs of kites all over the world. Every population has used different materials: bamboo cane, leaves, paper, material/fabric . . . Old oriental kites have a symbolic meaning: connecting the sky with the earth and, therefore, the world of the living with that of the dead. In Japanese tradition, symbolizing life and being freed when a baby is born. Even today, in some South American countries, they represent spirits rising in the sky, and so can be seen flying during funerals. Kites only began to exist in Europe in medieval times: it was Giovanni Battista Della Porta, in 1200, who made a kite for the first time.
The kite is more than two thousand years old, but it doesn’t seem it/you would never know. Born in China, the “flying deer” appears/is present in the sky all over the world. At any time and in any place, anywhere where there is a bit of wind, man has tried to fly something. You can find traces/signs of kites all over the world. Every population has used different materials: bamboo cane, leaves, paper, material/fabric . . . Old oriental kites have a symbolic meaning: connecting the sky with the earth and, therefore, the world of the living with that of the dead. In Japanese tradition, symbolizing life and being freed when a baby is born. Even today, in some South American countries, they represent spirits rising in the sky, and so can be seen flying during funerals. Kites only began to exist in Europe in medieval times: it was Giovanni Battista Della Porta, in 1200, who made a kite for the first time.
Phrasal Verbs - dispensa, page 44 & 45, answers
PHRASAL VERBS
Translate the following sentences with one or two phrasal verbs, using the verbs in brackets
1. All'inizio gli sponsor sembravano entusiasti, ma all'ultimo minuto si sono ritirati dall'accordo, (back * *)
At the beginning the sponsors seemed enthusiastic, but at the last minute they backed out of the agreement.
2. Nessun altro può decidere - dipende solo da te. (be * *)
(be up to) Nobody else can decide – it’s up to you.
3. I primi casi di influenza A sono scoppiati in Messico nel 2008. (break *)
(break out) The first cases of swine flu broke out in Mexico in 2008.
4. L'era vittoriana provocò grandi cambiamenti sociali, (bring *)
(bring about) The Victorian era brought about big social changes.
5. Mi sono imbattuto in un vecchio amico l'altro giorno, (bump *)
(bump into) I bumped into an old friend of mine the other day.
6. È scoppiata in lacrime quando ha sentito la notizia, (burst *)
(burst into) She burst into tears when she heard the news.
7. Questo lavoro richiede notevole abilità, (call *)
(call for) This job calls for notable skill.
8. Era sconvolto quando ha saputo di aver perso il lavoro, ma poi si è calmato, (find*; calm *)
(find out; calm down) He was upset when he found out he had lost his job, but then he calmed down.
9. Tu vai avanti con le pulizie in casa - al giardino ci penso io. (carry * *; see *)
(carry on with; see to) You carry on with the housework – I’ll see to the garden.
10. Dovrai correre se vuoi raggiungerli! (catch * *)
(catch up with) You’ll have to run if you want to catch up with them.
11. Le dispiace ripassare la relazione per vedere se ho dimenticato niente? (check *,miss *)
(check over; miss out) Would you mind checking over the report to see if I’ve missed anything out?
12. Si, potete fare la festa qui in casa - basta che mettiate in ordine dopo! (clear *)
(clear up) Yes, you can have the party here at home – just clear up afterwards!
13. Era stata una splendida giornata di sole, ma il cielo si annuvolò proprio al momento del barbecue! (cloud *)
(cloud over) It was a lovely sunny day, but the sky clouded over right at the moment of the barbecue!
14. Abbiamo trovato un sacco di foto vecchie mentre sgombravamo la casa dello zio (come *; clear *)
(come across; clear out) We came across lots of old photos when we were clearing out uncle’s house.
15. Potete passare dopo cena a bere qualcosa se volete. (come *)
You could come over after dinner for a drink if you like.
16. Dovrai trovare una scusa molto più convincente se vuoi essere perdonato! (come* *)
(come up with) You’ll have to come up with a more convincing excuse than that if you want to be forgiven!
17. È una lavastoviglie veramente ecologica che ti permette di ridurre il consumo di energia e di acqua (cut * *)
(cut down on) It’s a really ecologic dishwasher that allows you to cut down on electricity and water.
18. L'abitudine di mandare le cartoline dai luoghi di villeggiatura sta scomparendo,(die *)
(die out) The habit of sending postcards from holiday places is dying out.
19. La nonna si appisola sempre davanti alla TV. (doze/nod *)
(doze/nod off) Grandma always dozes/nods off in front of the TV.
20. Avendo dovuto passare un mese in ospedale è rimasto indietro con gli studi, (fall*)
(Fall behind) Having spent a month in hospital, he fell behind with his studies.
21. Non me la sento di rispondere a queste domande. (feel * *)
(Feel up to) I don’t feel up to answering these questions.
22. Quando hai saputo che si sono lasciati? (find *; break *)
(Find out; break up) When did you find out that they had broken up?
23. Ha rubato in diverse case, ma l'ha sempre fatta franca, (get * *)
(Get away with) He burgled different houses, but always got away with it.
24. Come fate a vivere con un reddito così basso?" "Beh - in qualche modo ce la facciamo" (get *)
(Get by) “How do you manage to live on such a low salary?” “Well, somehow we get by”.
25. Come si fa a riprendersi da uno shock del genere? (get *)
(Get over) How do you get over a shock like that?
26. Sono sempre più preoccupato: ormai mio marito fa fuori due pacchetti di sigarette al giorno. (get *)
(Get through) I’m getting more worried: now my husband gets through two packets of cigarettes a day.
27. Distribuivano campioni di crema antirughe davanti al supermercato. (give *)
(Give away) They are living away samples of anti-wrinkle cream outside the supermarket.
N.B. (Hand out) They are handing out leaflets outside the supermarket.
28. Con il passare del tempo, si è infastidita sempre di più del suo atteggiamento.(go*)
(Go on) As time went on, she got more and more annoyed with his attitude.
29. Ha avuto i suoi difetti, ma Margaret Thatcher passerà alla storia per quello che ha fatto negli anni '80. (go * *)
(Go on in) She had her defects, but Margaret Thatcher will go on in history for what she did in the 80s.
30. Lui continua a fissarmi - mi da terribilmente fastidio! (keep *)
(Keep on) He keeps on staring at me – it really gets on my nerves/it’s really annoying!
31. Chi baderà al gatto mentre sono in ospedale? (look *)
(Look after) Who is going to look after the cat while I’m in hospital?
32. Mi sto davvero pregustando il concerto di Capodanno a Vienna! (look * *)
(Look forward to) I’m really looking forward to the New Years Eve concert in Vienna.
33. Lui ammira tantissimo il professore che l'ha aiutato a laurearsi in architettura,(look * *)
(Look up to) He really looks up to the professor who helped him graduate in Architecture.
34. Mi puoi ospitare stasera? Sono disposto a dormire sul divano! (put *)
(Put up) Can you put me up tonight? I’m prepared to sleep on the sofa/couch.
35. Non sono più disposto a tollerare questo modo di parlare! (put * *)
(Put up with) I’m not prepared to put up with this way of speaking/the way he speaks!
36. Abbiamo finito la farina! Allora niente crèpes stasera! (run * *)
(Run out of) We have run out of flour! So no crepes/pancakes tonight!
37. Da chi hai preso? Dalla mamma o dal papa? (take *)
(Take after) Who do you take after? Your mum or your dad?
38. Le cose avrebbero potuto finire diversamente se lui avesse confessato prima,
(turn*)
(Turn out) Things could have turned out differently if he had confessed earlier.
39. Al colloquio di lavoro si sono presentati solamente in tre. (turn *)
(Turn up) Only three people turned up for the job interview.
40. Non riesco a calcolare quanto ti devo! (work *)
(Work out) I can’t work out how much I owe you!
Translate the following sentences with one or two phrasal verbs, using the verbs in brackets
1. All'inizio gli sponsor sembravano entusiasti, ma all'ultimo minuto si sono ritirati dall'accordo, (back * *)
At the beginning the sponsors seemed enthusiastic, but at the last minute they backed out of the agreement.
2. Nessun altro può decidere - dipende solo da te. (be * *)
(be up to) Nobody else can decide – it’s up to you.
3. I primi casi di influenza A sono scoppiati in Messico nel 2008. (break *)
(break out) The first cases of swine flu broke out in Mexico in 2008.
4. L'era vittoriana provocò grandi cambiamenti sociali, (bring *)
(bring about) The Victorian era brought about big social changes.
5. Mi sono imbattuto in un vecchio amico l'altro giorno, (bump *)
(bump into) I bumped into an old friend of mine the other day.
6. È scoppiata in lacrime quando ha sentito la notizia, (burst *)
(burst into) She burst into tears when she heard the news.
7. Questo lavoro richiede notevole abilità, (call *)
(call for) This job calls for notable skill.
8. Era sconvolto quando ha saputo di aver perso il lavoro, ma poi si è calmato, (find*; calm *)
(find out; calm down) He was upset when he found out he had lost his job, but then he calmed down.
9. Tu vai avanti con le pulizie in casa - al giardino ci penso io. (carry * *; see *)
(carry on with; see to) You carry on with the housework – I’ll see to the garden.
10. Dovrai correre se vuoi raggiungerli! (catch * *)
(catch up with) You’ll have to run if you want to catch up with them.
11. Le dispiace ripassare la relazione per vedere se ho dimenticato niente? (check *,miss *)
(check over; miss out) Would you mind checking over the report to see if I’ve missed anything out?
12. Si, potete fare la festa qui in casa - basta che mettiate in ordine dopo! (clear *)
(clear up) Yes, you can have the party here at home – just clear up afterwards!
13. Era stata una splendida giornata di sole, ma il cielo si annuvolò proprio al momento del barbecue! (cloud *)
(cloud over) It was a lovely sunny day, but the sky clouded over right at the moment of the barbecue!
14. Abbiamo trovato un sacco di foto vecchie mentre sgombravamo la casa dello zio (come *; clear *)
(come across; clear out) We came across lots of old photos when we were clearing out uncle’s house.
15. Potete passare dopo cena a bere qualcosa se volete. (come *)
You could come over after dinner for a drink if you like.
16. Dovrai trovare una scusa molto più convincente se vuoi essere perdonato! (come* *)
(come up with) You’ll have to come up with a more convincing excuse than that if you want to be forgiven!
17. È una lavastoviglie veramente ecologica che ti permette di ridurre il consumo di energia e di acqua (cut * *)
(cut down on) It’s a really ecologic dishwasher that allows you to cut down on electricity and water.
18. L'abitudine di mandare le cartoline dai luoghi di villeggiatura sta scomparendo,(die *)
(die out) The habit of sending postcards from holiday places is dying out.
19. La nonna si appisola sempre davanti alla TV. (doze/nod *)
(doze/nod off) Grandma always dozes/nods off in front of the TV.
20. Avendo dovuto passare un mese in ospedale è rimasto indietro con gli studi, (fall*)
(Fall behind) Having spent a month in hospital, he fell behind with his studies.
21. Non me la sento di rispondere a queste domande. (feel * *)
(Feel up to) I don’t feel up to answering these questions.
22. Quando hai saputo che si sono lasciati? (find *; break *)
(Find out; break up) When did you find out that they had broken up?
23. Ha rubato in diverse case, ma l'ha sempre fatta franca, (get * *)
(Get away with) He burgled different houses, but always got away with it.
24. Come fate a vivere con un reddito così basso?" "Beh - in qualche modo ce la facciamo" (get *)
(Get by) “How do you manage to live on such a low salary?” “Well, somehow we get by”.
25. Come si fa a riprendersi da uno shock del genere? (get *)
(Get over) How do you get over a shock like that?
26. Sono sempre più preoccupato: ormai mio marito fa fuori due pacchetti di sigarette al giorno. (get *)
(Get through) I’m getting more worried: now my husband gets through two packets of cigarettes a day.
27. Distribuivano campioni di crema antirughe davanti al supermercato. (give *)
(Give away) They are living away samples of anti-wrinkle cream outside the supermarket.
N.B. (Hand out) They are handing out leaflets outside the supermarket.
28. Con il passare del tempo, si è infastidita sempre di più del suo atteggiamento.(go*)
(Go on) As time went on, she got more and more annoyed with his attitude.
29. Ha avuto i suoi difetti, ma Margaret Thatcher passerà alla storia per quello che ha fatto negli anni '80. (go * *)
(Go on in) She had her defects, but Margaret Thatcher will go on in history for what she did in the 80s.
30. Lui continua a fissarmi - mi da terribilmente fastidio! (keep *)
(Keep on) He keeps on staring at me – it really gets on my nerves/it’s really annoying!
31. Chi baderà al gatto mentre sono in ospedale? (look *)
(Look after) Who is going to look after the cat while I’m in hospital?
32. Mi sto davvero pregustando il concerto di Capodanno a Vienna! (look * *)
(Look forward to) I’m really looking forward to the New Years Eve concert in Vienna.
33. Lui ammira tantissimo il professore che l'ha aiutato a laurearsi in architettura,(look * *)
(Look up to) He really looks up to the professor who helped him graduate in Architecture.
34. Mi puoi ospitare stasera? Sono disposto a dormire sul divano! (put *)
(Put up) Can you put me up tonight? I’m prepared to sleep on the sofa/couch.
35. Non sono più disposto a tollerare questo modo di parlare! (put * *)
(Put up with) I’m not prepared to put up with this way of speaking/the way he speaks!
36. Abbiamo finito la farina! Allora niente crèpes stasera! (run * *)
(Run out of) We have run out of flour! So no crepes/pancakes tonight!
37. Da chi hai preso? Dalla mamma o dal papa? (take *)
(Take after) Who do you take after? Your mum or your dad?
38. Le cose avrebbero potuto finire diversamente se lui avesse confessato prima,
(turn*)
(Turn out) Things could have turned out differently if he had confessed earlier.
39. Al colloquio di lavoro si sono presentati solamente in tre. (turn *)
(Turn up) Only three people turned up for the job interview.
40. Non riesco a calcolare quanto ti devo! (work *)
(Work out) I can’t work out how much I owe you!
Tuesday, 1 December 2009
Dictation: NATIVE SPEAKERS
The mark of writers or speakers fluent in English is the way they effortlessly do away with words that, although mandated by formal grammar, only slow down the delivery of their ideas. Foreign users of English, on the other hand, often stick to grammar rules, leaving no grammatical gaps in their sentences that might betray their less than perfect proficiency in the language. As might be expected, of course, this desire to treat syntax and semantics with mathematical precision achieves the exact opposite. It results in stiff, unidiomatic English that clearly identifies the users as non-native ones trying very hard not to be perceived as such.
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